Sulfonamides in Tomato from Commercial Greenhouses Irrigated with Reclaimed Wastewater: Uptake, Translocation and Food Safety

The presence of antibiotics in crops is mainly caused by their irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and the use organic amendments animal origin. During this work, fate sulfonamide tomato crop has been assessed two commercial greenhouses located Almería (Spain) irrigated wastewater. Samplings were made annually for years. Sulfonamides several parts plant (roots, leaves fruits) as well wastewater, soils analyzed UHPLC-MS/MS. results showed that sulfonamides accumulated (sulfamethoxazole between 2 14 µg kg?1; sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine sulfadimethoxine concentrations below 1 kg?1) at ng L?1 range. Their distribution plants depended on sulfonamide. detected sulfamethazole, sulfamethoxazole sulfadimethoxine. Sulfamethoxazole was antibiotic highest concentration fruit, exceeding 30 kg?1. All Acceptable Daily Intake, however, further studies legislation are needed to assure food safety.